Deepwater Ports Simplify Liquefied Natural Gas Transport
One of the latest developments in the transport of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is the use of offshore deepwater ports. Rather than bring double-hulled container ships to coastal ports, a number of new projects are underway that will allow the ships to anchor at a platform several miles off the coast and unload its LNG cargo.
LNG is natural gas that is chilled until it reaches a liquid form. This takes up less room and is much simpler to transport than natural gas in its usual form. Converting the gas into liquid requires keeping the substance very cold. As a result, special pipelines, transport trucks and ships must be fabricated to complete the task.
With ships, LNG must be put into vessels with two hulls. The space in between the hulls is used to make sure the inner hull filled with liquid gas stays very cold for transport. After offloading at the deepwater port, the liquid gas would then be transported to shore through a specially built pipeline. From there, the LNG could be shipped to other destinations in its same form or reconverted into its gas form for conventional energy uses.
One of the new projects recently meeting approval to receive a license from the U.S. Maritime Administration is a deepwater port about 28 miles off the coast of Florida. This platform, like any other, would reduce the amount of travel for the ships and the time presently spent at ports maneuvering in and out of more shallow and congested waterways in order to deliver cargo. For some shore ports, there is even a waiting time until high tide comes in. Otherwise, these waterways are too shallow for large and heavy LNG transport ships to traverse. Deepwater ports eliminate that problem.
Platform projects like the one in Florida must first go through a rigorous set of plan proposals and reviews with both federal and local area government agencies before the oil and gas company can receive a permit. Environmental impact studies for both onshore and offshore areas that may be affected by these projects must first be completed and approved. This involves not only the placement of the dock, but the exact route of the pipeline through the ocean and across land to its transport destination.
In the case of the Florida project, an additional onshore pipeline of 3.93 miles will connect to an existing regional pipeline to further distribute the product.
Once this happens, the Maritime Administration allows the company to start laying groundwork to start building. A number of requirements and inspections must be further met during the construction process in order to allow project completion.
As the popularity and usefulness of LNG rises, the number of offshore projects will grow. One reason is the economic efficiency of using established deep sea ports. It is very expensive and involved to build one. However, once it is functional, the long-term efficiency will save both time and money for the suppliers and consumers. The projects will, over time, pay for themselves. Many costs currently associated with LNG and natural gas in its non-liquid state will be eliminated.
